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71.
Iffat Naz Syeda Ain-ul Batool Naeem Ali Nazia Khatoon Niama Atiq Abdul Hameed Safia Ahmed 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(8):6881-6892
The present research work monitored the successive biofilm development and its catabolic role in the degradation of polystyrene (PS). PS material was artificially colonized with biofilm by incubating it with activated sludge under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Biofilm formation was monitored by gravimetric weight analysis, spectrophotometric absorbance technique, heterotrophic plate count, and scanning electron microscopy under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The wet weight (1.59 and 1.17 g) and dry weight (0.41 and 0.08 g) of a biofilm showed a significant constant increase under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively, from first till 9 weeks of incubation. Plate count of the selected bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) considerably declined (90–99 %) in the biofilm after seventh and fifth weeks of incubation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively, indicating a positive shift from pathogenic to beneficial microbial community. While most probable number index of fecal coliforms and E. coli in the sludge showed more reduction (98 and 99 %) under aerobic as compare to anaerobic conditions (86 and 91 %) after 9 weeks of biofilm formation on PS cubes. Correspondingly, the decreasing levels of chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand (up to 73 %) showed signs of sludge digestion. Scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope revealed nature of PS media containing high carbon content. However, biofilm development proved to be involved in the biochemical transformation of the PS medium as indicated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 相似文献
72.
Development of a novel mathematical model using a group contribution method for prediction of ionic liquid toxicities 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ismail Hossain M Samir BB El-Harbawi M Masri AN Abdul Mutalib MI Hefter G Yin CY 《Chemosphere》2011,85(6):990-994
A new mathematical model has been developed that expresses the toxicities (EC50 values) of a wide variety of ionic liquids (ILs) towards the freshwater flea Daphnia magna by means of a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). The data were analyzed using summed contributions from the cations, their alkyl substituents and anions. The model employed multiple linear regression analysis with polynomial model using the MATLAB software. The model predicted IL toxicities with R2 = 0.974 and standard error of estimate of 0.028. This model affords a practical, cost-effective and convenient alternative to experimental ecotoxicological assessment of many ILs. 相似文献
73.
Behnaz Saboori Usama Al-mulali Maizan Bin Baba Abdul Hakim Mohammed 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(4):408-416
This study investigates the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in 10 of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). To realize the study’s aims a time series model is built based on the period 1977–2008, utilizing the ecological footprint as an environmental indicator and income, labour, capital, oil consumption and oil price as economic indicators. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, by comparing the short and long-run income elasticities, the EKC hypothesis is present in six OPEC countries namely Algeria, Iraq, Venezuela, Nigeria, Qatar and Kuwait. Moreover, the Toda–Yamamoto–Dolado–Lütkepohl (TYDL) causality tests outcome show that, after oil consumption, the most significant factors in increasing ecological footprint are labor and capital. This implies the relocation of pollution intensive industries to almost all of the OPEC countries. However, oil prices reduce environmental damage by its negative effect on the ecological footprint. From the outcome of this study it is important for the investigated countries to reduce their consumption of fossil fuel energy since it represents an important source of pollution. This can be achieved by allocating more labor and capital in projects and investments on renewable energy, energy efficiency and energy saving. 相似文献
74.
Malik Nur Khaliesah Abdul Manaf Latifah Abd 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(2):1063-1072
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Monitoring the riverine litter was essential for the aesthetical value and reducing the negative impacts toward the human health, environment and... 相似文献
75.
Bassam Kattaa Walid Al-Fares Abdul Rahman Al Charideh 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(5):1103-1110
Vulnerability assessment to delineate areas that are more susceptible to contamination from anthropogenic sources has become an important element for sensible resource management and landuse planning. This contribution aims at estimating aquifer vulnerability by applying the RISKE model in Banyas Catchment Area (BCA), Tartous Prefecture, west Syria. An additional objective is to demonstrate the combined use of the RISKE model and a geographical information system (GIS) as an effective method for groundwater pollution risk assessment. The RISKE model uses five environmental parameters (Rock of aquifer media, Infiltration, Soil media, Karst, and Epikarst) to characterize the hydro-geological setting and evaluate aquifer vulnerability. The elevated eastern and low western part of the study area was dominated by high vulnerability classes, while the middle part was characterized by moderate vulnerability classes. Based on the vulnerability analysis, it was found that 2% and 39% of BCA is under low and high vulnerability to groundwater contamination, respectively, while more than 52% and 5% of the area of BCA can be designated as an area of moderate and very high vulnerability to groundwater contamination, respectively. The GIS technique has provided an efficient environment for analyses and high capabilities of handling a large amount of spatial data. 相似文献
76.
77.
Abdul Hameed Bin Mohamed Mydin 《生态毒理学报》2001,(2):54-58
无论遵循哪种发展模式,城市的增长都会给能源的使用和管理施加巨大的压力.基于可持续性的城市发展需要使这些模式具有有效性,包括考虑它们已经产生的影响.有一点是可以说服人的,城市能源问题的解决办法(比如能源效率和减少使用化石燃料)需要基于适合可持续发展的经济和商业原则. 相似文献
78.
Spatio-temporal variations in water quality of Nullah Aik-tributary of the river Chenab, Pakistan 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This study reports the spatio-temporal changes in water quality of Nullah Aik, tributary of the Chenab River, Pakistan. Stream
water samples were collected at seven sampling sites on seasonal basis from September 2004 to April 2006 and were analyzed
for 24 water quality parameters. Most significant parameters which contributed in spatio-temporal variations were assessed
by statistical techniques such as Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis (HACA), Factor Analysis/Principal Components
Analysis (FA/PCA), and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). HACA identified three different classes of sites: Relatively
Unimpaired, Impaired and Less Impaired Regions on the basis of similarity among different physicochemical characteristics
and pollutant level between the sampling sites. DFA produced the best results for identification of main variables for temporal
and spatial analysis and separated eight parameters (DO, hardness, sulphides, K, Fe, Pb, Cr and Zn) that accounted 89.7% of
total variations of spatial analysis. Temporal analysis using DFA separated six parameters (E.C., TDS, salinity, hardness,
chlorides and Pb) that showed more than 84.6% of total temporal variation. FA/PCA identified six significant factors (sources)
which were responsible for major variations in water quality dataset of Nullah Aik. The results signify that parameters identified
by statistical analyses were responsible for water quality change and suggest the possibility of industrial, municipal and
agricultural runoff, parent rock material contamination. The results suggest dire need for proper management measures to restore
the water quality of this tributary for a healthy and promising aquatic ecosystem and also highlights its importance for objective
ecological policy and decision making process. 相似文献
79.
Akhter Faheem Jamali Abdul Rauf Abbasi Mahmood Nabi Mallah Mukhtiar Ali Rao Ahsan Atta Wahocho Shafeeque Ahmed Anees-ur-Rehman Hafiz Chandio Zubair Ahmed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(5):11226-11245
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The hydrophobicity of silica and composite aerogels has enabled them to acquire applications in a variety of fields. With remarkable structural,... 相似文献
80.
Rehman Abdul Ma Hengyun Ahmad Munir Ozturk Ilhan Chishti Muhammad Zubair 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(24):30702-30713
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Carbon dioxide emission and climatic variation have a detrimental influence on the atmosphere as well as on agriculture production. The key aim of the... 相似文献